Printed circuit boards (PCBs) have been an essential component of electronic devices since the 1960s, playing a critical role in their performance and functionality. Today, PCBs are integral to many devices, featuring numerous tiny components meticulously mounted on their surfaces. This intricate mounting process is known as surface mount technology (SMT), which has become almost universal in PCB assembly due to its numerous advantages. In this post, we will explore different types of surface mount components and outline the steps involved in the SMT PCB assembly process.
Different Surface Mount Component (SMC) Packages:
As the demand for smaller and more powerful devices grows, the importance of compact surface mount component packages increases. These packages generally appear as flat structures with tiny lead pins soldered to them, but their designs can vary significantly. Here are some of the most popular SMC packages:
- BGA (Ball Grid Array): The most common surface mount component package, used for permanent mounting in devices like microprocessors.
- SOIC (Small Outline Integrated Circuit): Thinner and more space-efficient than DIP packages, contributing to the development of thin small outline packages (TSOP) and thin-shrink small-outline packages (TSSOP).
- QFN (Quad-Flat No Leads): Similar to BGA and QFP packages, these help connect ICs to PCB surfaces effectively.
- QFP (Quad Flat Package): Easily identifiable by their gull-wing leads, these packages range from 32 to 304 pins with pitch sizes from 0.4 to 1.0mm.
- PLCC (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier): Featuring a plastic casing, similar to QFP but with larger pitch sizes, commonly used in programmable components and NOR flash memories.
- POP (Package on Package): Combines BGA and discrete logic packages for higher component densities, commonly seen in PDAs, digital cameras, and mobile phones.
The SMT PCB Assembly Process:
The SMT PCB assembly process begins with selecting components and creating PCB layouts using various software tools. Components are packaged in different formats, such as tubes, reels, and trays. Following these preparatory steps, the SMT assembly process involves the following key stages:
- Solder Paste Printing: The process starts here, with solder paste applied to the PCB pad using a stencil and solder paste printer. This step is crucial as it forms the foundation of the PCB assembly.
- Inspection of Solder Paste: A built-in or separate solder paste inspection system checks the solder paste volume on the pad and print area to ensure accuracy.
- Placement of Components: Components are picked from their packaging using a gripper or vacuum nozzle, checked for appropriateness, and placed on the printed area at high speed.
- Inspection: Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) machines verify component placement before reflow soldering, ensuring correct positioning, polarities, and values.
- Reflow Soldering: The assembly is heated to a pre-set temperature to create electrical solder connections. Achieving the correct reflow profile is critical to avoid damaging solder joints.
- Reflow Soldering Inspection: AOI and X-ray inspections check the quality of soldered joints and BGA components for any defects such as voids or broken joints.
Why Partner with Gelco EMS for SMT PCB Assembly
Given the technical complexities involved in SMT PCB assembly, partnering with a trusted and experienced provider like Gelco EMS is crucial. We specialise in delivering customised surface mount PCB assemblies tailored to meet the specific needs of our clients across various industries. Our expertise ensures high-quality, reliable PCB assemblies that enhance the performance and functionality of your electronic devices.
